Full-body harnesses used in fall protection are available in various D-Ring configurations. What are D-Rings? D-Rings get their name from the fact that they are generally D-shaped, although their exact shape can vary. These D-Rings are sewn into the harness webbing and serve as loops to which other components, such as lanyards and self-retracting lifelines (SRLs), attach.
In this handy guide, you’ll learn about the different types of fall protection D-Rings and their most common applications. We’ll also provide some valuable tips on how to use a safety harness and practice body harness safety.
D-Rings help ensure the body stays in an upright position during a fall, and in a fall arrest situation, only the dorsal D-Ring should be used. Other situations that require the use of specific D-Rings include:
A full-body fall protection harness comes with various D-Ring configurations. The D-Ring configuration determines safety harness uses and situations, so it is critical to choose one designed for your specific job.
Full-body safety harnesses must all include a dorsal D-Ring, but many other types of D-Rings can be found on a harness, including ones on the side, at the shoulders and on the chest. D-Rings can be in other places as well, but here we will focus on the four most important — dorsal, side, sternum and shoulder:
If you have safety harnesses with more D-Rings, you are responsible for knowing which applications you can use the harnesses for. Below, we will go into more depth about the applications each D-Ring is best suited for and why:
If you are working in a fall arrest situation, the dorsal D-Ring is the only connection point you can use — there are no exceptions. If you were to connect to another D-Ring for this application, this could result in the fall being arrested in a way that would injure or perhaps even kill the worker.
To understand why this is important, think about this — if a person falls, the safest way to do so is upright with the feet pointed down. If the person deviates from this position, this will induce stresses that may cause much more serious injury. It will also negate several of the harness’s features designed to reduce impact, such as the stretching of the harness’s webbing and the tear-away straps.
If the person falls with the lanyard attached to a side D-Ring, none of these features will help reduce the impact.
In a fall restraint situation, in which a worker is prevented from even reaching a fall hazard, the dorsal, side, chest or shoulder D-Rings can be used. As free fall isn’t permitted in this situation, the rules are different because the potential stresses generated by a fall arrest simply will not occur. Of course, depending on the work environment, a certain D-Ring connection may be better than another, but fall restraint situations allow you to use whichever D-Rings you prefer.
Work positioning refers to a situation where a worker is held in suspension, allowing them to work freely using both hands. Tower work and rebar construction are examples of fields where workers commonly utilize positioning devices. To maximize work flexibility and comfort, the positioning devices should be attached to the rings on the side of the harness.
If you’re working within a confined space or are in a rescue situation, you can use the dorsal, shoulder and chest D-Rings. In both of these situations, the body must be kept as upright as possible. In rescue situations, the fall victim could already be in a critical state, so keeping the body upright will help ensure no further harm to the victim and minimize trauma.
In confined spaces — such as lowering an employee down into an opening — using shoulder rings will ensure the worker gets in and out easily.
Just because your workers are wearing safety harnesses doesn’t mean they’ll be safe — they need to make sure they’re using every component of the system correctly. To do this, they need proper training to be aware of potential safety harness hazards.
For instance, if a worker has not received body harness training in personal fall arrest systems, they may not even know how to put on their harness — there can be plenty of room for mistakes. They may just pick it up, look at the jumble of buckles and straps and get confused.
While some may ask for help, others may try their best to put it on but do so incorrectly, leaving themselves unprotected. For this reason, workers must receive training on how to put on their harnesses and what fall hazards they might encounter while working.
Here, we’ll walk you through the steps involved in putting on a safety harness:
At Malta Dynamics, we understand that buying fall protection equipment won’t necessarily keep your team safe. Your team members must know how to correctly put on, inspect, store and maintain the equipment to receive adequate protection on the job. That’s why we offer two training programs on Fall Protection Awareness and Competent Person Training that teach workers how to do these things. These courses can even be customized to suit your company’s needs. We also provide on-site options for groups.
We offer safety inspection services as part of a basic hazard analysis of your facility, which can help you identify areas of your equipment usage strategies that you can enhance. This single-day visit includes the basics of fall protection training, a basic evaluation of your facility, a site walk and an inspection of your safety equipment. For more information about hazard analysis options, check out our page on Hazard Analysis.
As fall protection equipment contains lots of parts, this leaves room for many mistakes, especially when you’re not fully versed on the basics of using body harnesses and D-Rings for safety harnesses. However, there are a few particularly common mistakes we’d like to mention so you can avoid them. These include:
Also known as large gates, form hooks or pelican hooks, rebar snap hooks are commonly used due to their large size and ability to attach to many objects. However, this type of equipment can only be employed for certain configurations. Using these hooks outside of these configurations can be hazardous.
Some people prefer rebar snap hooks because they make additional anchorage connectors unnecessary. This can be dangerous to users, however, because the strength of the anchorage chosen by the worker may not be sufficient, or it may cause the hook to be improperly loaded. Additionally, manufacturers design these hooks to be bigger to capture bigger structures, and these structures might not be directly above the person using the equipment.
The most effective method for mitigating possible misuse of the rebar snap hook is to make sure the anchorage connector D-Ring is bigger than the snap hook to prevent side loading of the hook. As this is hard to achieve, we encourage users to utilize a smaller anchor snap for attaining the right geometry.
If an employer chooses to use these hooks, they should know the hooks’ gate strength and be aware that certain hooks have two stress points aligning with the hook’s strongest points.
Another common mistake regarding anchorage is people anchoring under their feet. When they do this, it increases free fall, which may exceed the equipment’s permissible limits. If a worker pushes a piece of equipment to its limit, this may cause the anchorage or lanyard to fail or exceed the permissible force on the body, which will increase the chances of a severe injury.
It’s critical to remember that, even if the fall is arrested, the longer the fall, the more forces on the body. In turn, serious injuries could occur. For this reason, it’s a good idea to avoid anchoring under the dorsal D-Ring. If you have no choice but to do so, use an SRL rated for extra free fall or a 12-foot free fall energy-absorbing lanyard. Keep in mind these lanyards have an arresting force greater than that of standard versions, so you must design the anchorage accordingly.
To mitigate the problem, do the following:
While these two devices look alike and function similarly, many workers make the mistake of assuming they’re interchangeable. These two devices are tested in different conditions and applications, meaning you shouldn’t use them for things they haven’t been tested for.
Furthermore, people tend to misuse both lanyard types by anchoring under the dorsal D-Ring, which can increase the arresting force by several thousand pounds.
To avoid this problem, follow these tips:
Even if the harness’s condition is good, wearing it improperly can be hazardous. For instance, wearing a harness loosely creates a higher level of potential energy, which converts to kinetic energy when a fall occurs.
Other problems, like the position of the chest retainer strap or back D-Ring, could be seriously hazardous. A back D-Ring that’s too high could hit a worker’s head when falling, and one that’s too low could cause the worker to face the ground following the arrest, which increases the risk of suspension trauma. A chest retainer strap that’s too high could choke a worker, and one that’s too low could pull apart, allowing the worker to come out of the harness.
OSHA has set many regulations regarding full-body harnesses in personal fall arrest systems, which include the proper configuration and use of D-Rings. These regulations include:
All Malta Dynamics safety harnesses meet and exceed OSHA requirements to ensure ultimate worker safety while you’re on the job.
Malta Dynamics is a leader in the industry of fall protection systems. Whether you require more harness options or are looking to invest in a complete fall protection system, Malta Dynamics can provide you with everything your team needs. We also offer custom protection solutions and safety plans.
Browse our wide selection of safety equipment on our site or, if you have any questions, reach out to us using our form or by calling (800) 494-1840.
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